Samba is for dealing with Windows computers, so it's not what you want.

There are probably loads of ways of transferring files. In my house I have sshd running on each PC and have used sftp to transfer small numbers of files between them from the command line. To run sshd try this as root:

dpkg-reconfigure ssh
/etc/init.d/ssh start

I'm not sure if that's exactly right. Having sshd running (on what you'd call the server) enables you to do all sorts of magic, for example type this into Konqueror on the client:

sftp://hostname/

where hostname is the name of the server.