traceroute gives me a nice "route" and works just fine as well.

Very strange.

HAAAAAAA, problem "resolved":

unbelievable: my Netgear Router WGR614 did not "like" my IP-Adress: 192.168.0.255

It relayed all ping-traffic just fine, but refused all other trafic.
Changed my notebooks IP to 192.168.0.35 and now it works just fine.

Hmpf. LOL

THX
Markus