To pick one thing (probably the most important thing) out of your list: With Debian, you don't need to install Firefox (or other programs for which Debian packages exist) from tarballs or RPMs, or download other binary installers. Use apt-get instead. Please read the "sticky" topic in the "Hdd Install" section of this forum named "Apt-get / dpkg tutorial".

Once your "/etc/apt/sources.list" is configured correctly, you go to a console, get root, and type

apt-get update && apt-get install mozilla-firefox

in order to install Firefox.

In order to see what installation candidates for Firefox are available to you, type

dpkg -l 'mozilla-firefox*'

or if you don't know the exact name of what you're looking for, go to the Debian packages search page and enter a search string and choose the "Unstable" distro.

As you might guess from the above, you can install Karamba with the command

apt-get install karamba