Do you have linux-kernel-headers installed?
If no, apt-get it. If yes, try changing line 305 of /usr/include/bits/socket.h from
"#include <asm/socket.h>"
to
"#include </usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386/socket.h>

IIRC the asm problem isn't new with knoppix so a search on this site will probably yield some results.