Ok, check out this post: http://www.knoppix.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2230

Check out what Fabianx says.

This should easily get you setup with all the same icons on the desktop that were detected when you ran things from the CD.

In order to make these partitions writeable in addition to readable, you may need to go to /etc/fstab and change the all the partitions which have the "ro" options to "rw".