I hope so. I did wonder when you said you had an old laptop whether you were stuck with USB 1.1.
USB 1.1 through put is about the same as 802.11 b (12 Mbps). If this forces your adapter into that mode, it will slow your WLAN down for anyone else using it. With a USB 2.0 hub you should get 802.11 g (54 Mbps) so yes it will be faster. Fast enough to watch streamed video (if your laptop can keep up).
I would hope it is more stable. Although your adapter claims to be USB 1.1 compatible, that won't have been tested as much. I've had wireless disconnects while transferring large files to another machine. I guess something couldn't take the load. Overload might be why you loose the connection while you're busy. That should get better with a USB 2 hub. You don't want the wireless going down and taking your VPN connection with it.
Interference is another possibility. Does the Network Manager report other wireless networks in your neighbourhood ? Are they on the same channel ? If so, try using a different one. It is said that things like cordless mice and cheap electrical equipment can cause interference too.
Anyway, best of luck. Let us know how you get on.

Lenovo ThinkStation P520 Intel Xeon W-2123 3.6GHz 900W - NO RAM/ GPU/ HDD/ OS
$189.98
Intel Xeon E5-2697 V2 LGA2011 Server CPU Processor 2.7GHz 12 Core SR19H 130W
$35.00
Dell EMC PowerEdge R440 Xeon silver 4215 2.5GHz 16 GB ram 2x 550W PSU No HDD
$275.00
Intel Xeon Processor E7-2890 V2 15-Core 2.80 GHz 37,5MB Cache FCLGA2011 SR1GV
$39.95
Intel Xeon E5-2699 V4 2.20GHz 55M 22-CORES LGA2011-3 Server Processor 145W SR2JS
$84.49
Intel Xeon W-2255 SRGV8 3.7GHz 10-Core LGA2066 Server CPU Processor
$199.99
Dell Precision T5820 950W Workstation 4.00GHz W-2125 No RAM/ GPU/ HDD/ OS
$144.98
Intel Xeon E5-2698 V4 20CORE 2.2GHz 50M Processor SR2JW *km
$38.99
DELL Precision T3420 | Xeon 1240v6 | 525GB SSD |16GB RAM |Nvidia GPU |Win11
$149.00
Dell Precision T5820 Workstation 3.70GHz W-2135 No RAM/ GPU/ HDD/ OS
$179.98